The development tendercy of skill of Kong Jia work

1 deploy main shaft of high speed circumgyrate broach contains a center to age like He Lixi knife, because there is a kind of circumferential rate near central tine, accordingly, when cutting speed changes development to high speed, the rotate speed of main shaft also must realize high speed to change. When using small diameter bit especially, the high speed of main shaft is changed is indispensable more. Henceforth, machine the evolution that high speed influences as aperture, predicting turn up the main shaft demand of 30000 ～ 100000r/min will be ceaseless grow in quantity. In the meantime, because achieve place of high speed circumgyrate to need time very short and requirement Z to (broach cutting direction) main shaft extends length to should be controlled it is in the smallest degree, accordingly, the configuration of high speed main shaft is high accuracy of implementation high speed the condition with aperture indispensable treatment. 1.

2 movable parts have the movable part such as the functional main shaft with quick action and workbench to should reduce weight as far as possible, in order to realize a movement quick change, this also is the requirement that undertakes treatment of high speed aperture must be had. The handling time of an aperture needs several seconds only, accordingly, must shorten the tool shift time between Kong Yukong, this is implementation efficient the crucial question of cutting, the action that settles the way of this problem to be movable component namely above all must agile and quick. For example, even if achieved the fixed position precision of high accuracy, but if the machine tool is movable partial action is not quite acute and quick, the requirement that the Kong Jia of implementation high speed that also puts forward with respect to cannot contented current user is versed in. It is to use acceleration character normally (G is worth) will judge a machine tool the quick function of movable part, when G=0.

8 ～ 1.

5 when, can judge this machine tool to have height the machining center of quick function. 1.

3 workbench and machine tool rectify the scale of body area to answer lesser the user that serves as machining center, the ministry substation beyond their hope workbench and workbench occupies a space to answer as far as possible a few less. Especially Kong Jia is versed in this kind of finished cost is higher and additional value machines a domain inferiorly again, had better use the machining center with the sort of compact structure. If Japanese manage turns the milling machine of high speed CNC of institute trial-produce, its size range of pipe bent is 300mm2, place of machine tool noumenon occupies area 950mm2, machine tool place occupies an area to be 3 times what can machine measure of the greatest work about, whole structure is quite compact. Rotate speed of main shaft of this milling machine is 45000r/min, can undertake high speed cutting. Main shaft is structure of XY direction movable type (workbench is restricted only Z axis is mobile) , its acceleration character is worth G=1.

5, show this machine tool has quick action function. 1.

4 main shaft can furnish directly cooling fluid is being gotten in cutting a course, treatment L/D (of broach diameter and hole depth than) special attention is needed to discharge bits problem in the Kong Bi of 5 above, had better choose the bit that takes the aperture that offer oil, so that have stable treatment. Use by the means of cooling fluid of supply of main shaft center, to changing the locking bolt of clamping apparatus is more convenient. 1.

The 5 characteristics that have aperture treatment to use cutting of CNC of 　 of function of CNC tool interpolation depend on can undertaking controlling the reasonable treatment of tool contrail, when undertaking to aperture CNC cutting is machined, can use helix cutting, wait to go high knife, right to cut wait for tool interpolation means, the CNC control system that has these functions all can be added in aperture try to apply in labour. 2 crossing high speed bore to machine is to use broach to undertake the via such as high accuracy aperture, whorl aperture and snail keyhole since new period is extended the treatment that wait, recently, this kind of treatment has developed quickly to direction of high speed cutting. In Kong Jia worker works in, still use high-speed steel twist drill in great quantities at present, but be versed in in Kong Jia precision and treatment efficiency respect already pulled open difference gradually between each enterprise. The material of broach of high speed cutting is given priority to with hard alloy of coating of pottery and porcelain, make a place like MAZAK company and dark essence machine when treatment is cast-iron, used bit of coating of pottery and porcelain namely. When processing the coloured data such as aluminium alloy, can use broach of broach of diamond coating hard alloy, DLC coating hard alloy or the bit that take tooth of diamond agglomeration body. Anyhow, will develop broach of a lot of new-style high speed cutting ceaselessly henceforth. In all sorts of coating broach, broach of hard alloy of coating of pottery and porcelain takes wearability, hear resistance and lubricity seriously particularly, its coating craft also is adopted multilayer besmear Fu means, if use the compound nitride such as TiAlN, TiN, TiCN,form compound coating structure. The cutting condition of broach total trend is high speed is changed, as be machined of material different, cutting speed already can achieve 200 ～ respectively 300m/min. Cutting of high speed broach is the development trend of big feed of a kind of high speed, similar ball head establishs the development climate of condition of milling cutter cutting. Cutting practice makes clear, the rationalize that raises cutting speed to be helpful for cutting bits pattern and improvement machine exterior surface roughness, predict to will develop along the direction of high speed cutting henceforth; Raise feed to be discharged to breaking bits bits and prolong cutting tool life very advantageous, accordingly, also will develop ceaselessly along the direction of big feed henceforth. Current, treatment of high speed aperture uses main shaft to head the machining center of feed flow aperture mostly, this kind of equipment is helpful for raising the cutting rate of broach. For example, broach of hard alloy of coating of the 10mm that use φ machines shallow Kong Shi on S45C material, cutting speed can amount to 250m/min, feed speed can amount to 1600mm/min (be equivalent to 0.

2mm/r) , here the condition falls, machine an aperture to need the left and right sides 1 second only. Day establishs company of company of aircraft of essence of life, cloth Lhasa industry to all use this condition to undertake shallow Kong Jia is versed in. Cloth Lhasa company falls in this condition, be in with broach of diamond coating hard alloy on makings of aluminium alloy lever when aperture of treatment small diameter, an aperture needs only 0.

2 ～ 0.

5 seconds or so can finish. Predict, treatment of aperture of small henceforth diameter will enter 1 second of high speed that machines an aperture to machine period. High speed cutting is very much to the influencing factor of broach life, such as because heat in metal cutting is taller and cause blade ministry to wear away, cutting vibration will bring about collapse blade, cut bits to twine, cause broach to break off even etc. Be opposite to reduce afore-mentioned breakdown the influence of broach life, can take step of following a few technologies: (1) choose wearability exceedingly good, get cut cutting tool data at high speed aptly, for example coating hard alloy. (2) choose the cutting blade figure that gets used to high speed cutting, if define the proper role that get a tip and point,pour arris to wait. Get pointed part normally optional for 130 ° ～ 140 ° , this kind of angle can reduce cutting torque effectively; Additional, can adopt repair crisscross grind wait for means, make cutting blade and be reduced as far as possible by the osculatory area of cutting face. In the meantime, should increase petiole and cutting blade share as far as possible brace up the high precision that places precision and flange share. (3) choose clip to hold tigidity and brace up place the clamping apparatus with tall precision, should reduce clamping apparatus weight at the same time, with benefit at the movement quick change. For example, the construction of shrinkage fitting type of HSK knife handle compares ideal clip to run a system at present namely. (4) when high speed getting is cut, cool to increase point and discharge bits effect, can use furnish to cutting blade directly the feed flow means of cooling fluid, in order to achieve stable cutting result. In cooling fluid, outside dividing cutting fluid, still can add a few vegetable oil and air, form refrigerant of compound mist shape. 3 but the development tendercy of dislocation broach but dislocation broach is the tool that a kind of razor blade that regards cutting as blade can change, compare with common broach photograph, its diameter is bigger, what already developed φ 10mm recently nevertheless is small-sized but dislocation broach. Current, but dislocation broach already seriation, can cover the of all kinds product of series of integral type broach almost. Broach razor blade uses material of coating hard alloy to make commonly, only a few product uses the data such as body of agglomeration of body of agglomeration of agglomeration high-speed steel, diamond, CBN. But dislocation broach has a bit only normally, also can have two bit, age for the center the week outside mixing ages respectively namely. When undertaking big diameter aperture is machined, broach can install the razor blade of 2 above. The bit that holds individual razor blade and integral type broach are similar, most advanced for triangular shape, can reduce cutting resistance so; Cut the disjunction of bits to facilitate, bit all contains bits chamfer. Bit clamp means because of manufacturer different, below most circumstance, all use 1 or razor blade of solid of clench of a few snail. When containing 2 above bit, bit appearance and appearance of the chamfer that break bits all each are not identical. Recently this one trend particularly apparent. But the initial stage that dislocation broach develops, can machine deepness to be broach diameter only 3 times right-and-left aperture, already developed to be able to machine 5D ～ 8D at present (D is broach diameter) deep aperture. When the part that in treatment those aperture norms integrate, use but dislocation broach effect is most apparent. For example, use the bit of much razor blade, can have the operation such as arris and Huo aperture to aperture entry point at the same time, this is versed in to raising Kong Jia efficiency is very advantageous. Cutting of CNC of 　 of skill of work of 4CNC Kong Jia is to make cutting is machined more the treatment means of rationalize, when undertaking CNC Kong Jia is versed in, can use those who have function of much direction cutting to establish interpolation of cutting of milling cutter, helix to reach wait to cut the way such as interpolation high, it asks to choose the cutting tool with spent little likelihood to have most reasonable treatment to a few aperture. Latter, means of high speed milling is used to undertake aperture machines the applied example that machines for this kind namely in production. High speed milling has undermentioned characteristic: (1) the bit that uses ball head to establish milling cutter and helix interpolation, can undertake boring is mixed arris treatment; (2) ball head stands milling cutter to cooperate helix interpolation, can have the successive treatment of taper aperture; (3) machine what whorl uses to establish milling cutter to cooperate helix interpolation, can undertake all sorts of whorl aperture are machined; (4) establish milling cutter to cooperate to wait to cut interpolation high, can have semifinishing machining and precision work to aperture. Anyhow, use tool interpolation function, can be opposite the high accuracy aperture of aleatoric dimension undertakes efficient accurate treatment. When using high speed milling especially, bear of susceptive of each tooth place is opposite lighter, use consequently same establish coating hard alloy milling cutter, but to high accuracy of a variety of high speed be undertakinged by treatment material aperture is machined. Henceforth, means of this kind of treatment is expected to be used at working type cutting territory further. Aperture treatment divides high accuracy of 5 high speed outside using CNC cutting means to undertake to aperture nicety is machined, still can use boring and bore with a reamer to cut wait for means to undertake to aperture high accuracy is machined. Change as the high speed of machining center main shaft, already can use boring tool to undertake to aperture high speed nicety is machined. According to the report, when the boring that undertakes on aluminium alloy material φ 40mm is controlled at present is machined, cutting rate already can rise 1500m/min above. Making cutting blade machine with CBN agglomeration body rolled steel, cast-iron when reaching tall hardness steel, also can use such cutting rate. Predict, the high speed that boring will machine henceforth is changed will popularize promotion quickly. The high speed that machines to realize boring is changed and high accuracy is changed, must notice tooth vibration is right the influence that machines exterior surface roughness and tool life. Drop to prevent to machine precision and tool life, chooses machining center must deploy the main shaft with dynamic balancing superior performance, what choose boring cutting tool to also must have very tall dynamic balancing character. Especially the tooth part of boring tool, material of the geometrical figure that should choose to apply to high speed cutting, cutting tool and outfit block way. Cutting blade carries the R of the ministry to answer bigger, machine efficiency at rising with benefit; Below the premise that assures to obtain surface roughness of coequal treatment surface, should increase feed. But increase feed to answer stop where it should stop, will increase cutting resistance otherwise, go against improve treatment efficiency. Cutting first flank should be installed 0.

1mm loses edge below, what can maintain cutting tool life effectively so is stable. As to cutting tool material, inspect by treatment material property differ somewhat. When if process the steel under 40HRC,waiting for material, can choose cermet cutting tool, this kind of cutting tool falls in the condition of high speed cutting of V=300m/min above, can acquire good treatment surface surface roughness and longer cutting tool life. Cutting tool of coating hard alloy applies to pair of rolled steel under 60HRC to wait undertake high speed cutting, cutting tool life is very stable, but cutting speed a bit under cermet cutting tool. Cutting tool of CBN agglomeration body applies to treatment tall hardness steel, cast-iron wait for material, cutting speed can amount to 1000m/min above, and cutting tool life is very stable. The first flank part of CBN tooth should undertake proper processing pouring arris, the high speed cutting with this kind of stable to undertaking processing and prolong cutting tool life very advantageous. When undertaking exceeding high speed cutting to the nonferrous metal such as aluminium alloy and metalloid material, can choose cutting tool of diamond agglomeration body, cutting of this kind of cutting tool is stable, cutting tool life is very long also. What should notice is, when use diamond cutting tool, tooth first flank must undertake arris is handled, this is the fundamental condition that makes sure cutting is stable. Treatment field is cut in bore with a reamer, the new-style cutting tool that has not see high speed, high accuracy at present comes out, the research development work of this domain is in backwater it seems that not the condition before. Heretofore of high speed reamer still is used by certain and specific user undertake aperture machines high speed high accuracy. This kind of reamer contains the part before losing, tigidity is tall, the effect that break bits is good, below condition of high speed cutting, can undertake stable accurate Kong Jia is versed in. The characteristic of this reamer is, use the larger part before losing and odd tooth, the reamer of the past cannot achieve the rate of cutting of its high speed, accordingly, the traditional idea that can say this kind designs pair of reamer undertook bold breakthrough, it is a kind of efficient bore with a reamer cuts cutting tool. The development of cutting tool of cutting of whorl of 6 high speed as CNC cutting, already developed at present a few corresponding compound model cutting tool product, if will be gotten,cut the cutting tool of new-style thread machining that is an organic whole with whorl cutting be in harmony, bore and whorl cutting are finished inside a journey. This kind compound model cutting tool makes whorl aperture treatment more reasonable, treatment efficiency also rises greatly. What whorl cutting uses is new-style established milling cutter to use means of helix cutting interpolation, should establish milling cutter to be able to machine the whorl aperture of M3 above, the performance that discharge bits is good, the high accuracy that can gain stability machines the effect. General tap also is in forward high speed cutting and the directional development that process tall hardness steel, the applied limits of tap cutting tool is expanding ceaselessly. Tap realizes the postulate of high speed cutting to be as follows: (1) the cutting function that should value tooth, for example, choice tooth designs the tap of the horn after having, cutting effect is idealer; (2) the clip of tap is held should choose rigid and good clamping apparatus, if choose clamping apparatus of bedspring clamping apparatus, shrinkage fitting type,wait. (3) the machine tool such as machining center is in cutting circumgyrate process, should have very tall synchronous precision. Work to high speed tap, if can satisfy contrail of tap cutting tool, tool and cutting condition, clamping apparatus,reach the function that uses machining center, the high accuracy that can realize stability is efficient whorl cutting treatment. The 7 small stoma processing technique that will ask henceforth as IT the development of relevant industry, in recent years, optics and the demand quickness that electronic industry uses the component product of device grow, this kind of growth spurred the rapid development of imperceptible appearance and high accuracy processing technique. Among them, the development application of small stoma processing technique especially conspicuous. Imperceptible aperture treatment is in already printed circuit board in waiting for treatment, try to apply, include rolled steel inside a variety of by treatment material, all can undertake with broach small diameter is machined. For example, dijet company develops a kind of new-style twist drill recently, it will get together brilliant diamond and hard alloy agglomeration regard cutting as blade into a whole, this kind of broach can be mixed to aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, black lead plastic etc undertake high speed high accuracy is machined, cutting tool life also is lengthened substantially. The helix angle of this broach is 30 ° , the smallest diameter is φ 0.

4mm, still produce a kind of bit that press light at the same time, the smallest diameter is φ 0.

88mm. Product of this kind of broach already seriation, the markeddest characteristic is to machine exterior surface roughness to get huge is improved. Development of comprehensive data company goes 3 water chestnut broach of hard alloy of coating of a kind of diamond, the diameter is φ 0.

2 ～ 3.

0mm. When this kind of broach is machining aluminium alloy, rotate speed can be as high as 32000r/min, feed is 0.

09mm/r, feed speed is 3008mm/min, here the condition falls, cutting tool life is treatment 300 thousand aperture. In the broach breed that processes tall hardness work, the broach show that company of tool of MMC god steel develops is admirable. The φ that uses this firm 0.

4mm broach processes SKD11 data (60HRC) when, can fall in condition of 30mm/min of speed of rotate speed 6000r/min, feed, the cutting that undertakes be stabilizinged for long is machined. Comprehensive data company rolls out 3 water chestnut recently a kind of small diameter bit that takes the aperture that offer oil (φ 2mm) , in cutting speed 60m/min, feed 0.

Below the condition of 02mm/r, treatment SUS630 material (grow diameter comparing to be L/D=6) deep aperture, life of its cutting tool is treatment 600 aperture above. Current, in treatment of small diameter aperture, the diameter that uses broach cutting is the smallest but to φ 50 μ M is controlled. Be less than φ the Kong Zeduo of 50 μ M uses electric treatment to finish. To restrain the generation of burr, a lot of investigator put forward to be able to use the means of ultrasonic vibration cutting. Current, exploring range of a kind of application the mode of ultrasonic vibration cutting with wide and sound technology, include those who study a machine tool to get used to the content such as character among them. Solve smoothly of the problem as these, will be expected to realize a diameter better henceforth the tiny deep Kong Jia with big watch of smaller, L/D is versed in, get cut rate the meeting is quicker, treatment precision will be taller. In recent years, as the occurrence of high speed milling, the cutting treatment that is a center with milling cutting tool is entering the treatment period that high speed high accuracy spends. Current, the high speed that Kong Jia is versed in changes apparent lag to be machined at other cutting. The quick production of the spare parts is the fundamental condition that manufacturing industry Lai Yisheng puts, consequently Kong Jia is versed in the technology cannot make the bottleneck technology of machining, the way that it must change along cutting high speed is quick follow-up, enter the treatment range that high speed high accuracy changes as soon as possible. CNC Milling